Economic Development, Structural Change and Women’s Labor

WORKING PAPER

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This paper shows that empirical support for the female labor force participation (FLFP) U-shaped trend is feeble and depends on the data sources used, especially underlying GDP estimates.


The results suggest that structural change affects FLFP consistent with a U-shaped pattern but the effects are small. We conclude that the feminization U hypothesis as an overarching secular trend driving FLFP in the development process has little empirical support.

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